A) W/O emulsion, coated ZnO (20% ZnO, Umicore, left image, TEM, Reference: 18) ZnO nanoparticles have different shapes (rod-like, star-like and isometric) and a broad size distribution range of 30–150 nm. The ZnO particles were present mainly as clusters.
You could have a product with 25% zinc oxide with really bad UVA protection, and one with 12% zinc oxide that provided decent UVA protection. The only way to know how much UVA protection a particular product provides is for a brand to actually take measurements of UVA transmittance.
The zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using zinc acetate as the precursor and sodium hydroxide as the reducing agent. A 0.1 M of zinc acetate homogenous mixture was dissolved in double-distilled water at pH of 11 for 2 h with the aid of magnetic stirrer. The 0.1 M NaOH solution was slowly added into the zinc acetate solution underZinc nanoparticles are used widely in sunscreens. Read about the safety of nano vs non-nano and see a list of sunscreens with non-nano Zinc.BZou.